Why in News? 

Bharat Biotech has successfully completed the Phase III clinical trials of its new oral cholera vaccine, Hillchol. 

Key Highlights 

• Hillock protects against both Ogawa and Inaba cholera serotypes in adults and children, demonstrating strong safety and effectiveness. 
• The vaccine is especially important for lower- and middle-income countries facing waterborne diseases, reflecting Bharat Biotech’s commitment to providing affordable, reliable vaccines based on rigorous research. 

 About Cholera 

• Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by consuming food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.  
• It leads to intense diarrhea and dehydration and can be fatal within hours if untreated, even in healthy individuals. 
• Cholera mainly occurs in areas with poor sanitation, overcrowding, war, famine, and warm climates. It is predictable and preventable by ensuring clean water, proper sanitation, and good hygiene for everyone. 

Treatment 
Cholera vaccines approved by WHO include Dukoral, Shanchol, and Euvichol-Plus, all requiring two doses for full protection. Treatment involves: 

• Rehydration therapy (oral or intravenous) 
• Antibiotics to reduce the severity 
• Zinc supplements for children to support recovery