Why in News?

Gulf of Mannar, impacted by coral bleaching, has used artificial reef restoration with triangular and perforated trapezoidal modules placed underwater by divers. 

• Located between southeast India and northwest Sri Lanka, part of the Laccadive Sea. 
• Encompasses 21 islands, bounded by Rameswaram, Adam's Bridge, and Mannar Island. 
• Rivers like Tambraparni (India) and Malvathu Oya (Sri Lanka) flow into it. 
• Hosts the Tuticorin port and is known for pearl banks and sacred chank. 
• Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve (estd in 1989) recognized by UNESCO in 2001. 
  • First Marine BR in South and Southeast Asia; also encompasses the Marine National Park (estd in 1982).