Why in News?

NASA is fast-tracking its efforts to develop a nuclear reactor on the Moon by 2030, aiming to support a sustainable human presence on the lunar surface, in alignment with the Artemis Accords.

• Rationale: The reactor is expected to generate 100 KW of power. Nuclear reactors are considered for the Moon as solar power is unreliable due to extended darkness, while nuclear energy ensures consistent power for habitats, rovers, and missions, especially in shadowed craters. 
• Global Competition: NASA's plans follow similar efforts by China and Russia, aiming for lunar nuclear power stations by 2035. India and Japan are also exploring lunar exploration and human settlement. 
• UN Guidelines: The UN's 1992 Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space recognize nuclear energy as essential for deep-space missions when solar power is insufficient. 
• Legal Framework: The 1967 Outer Space Treaty permits peaceful use of nuclear power in space.  
  • The Artemis Accords (non-binding) promote international cooperation and responsible use of space resources.