Why in News? 

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025 is awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar Yaghi for their pioneering work in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). 

• Richard Robson: Designed 3D structures by combining metal ions (e.g., copper) with organic molecules, creating porous materials with large internal spaces to trap molecules. 
• Susumu Kitagawa: Expanded on Robson’s work, discovering that porous structures could expand and contract with surrounding gases, enabling gas capture and energy storage. 
• Omar Yaghi: Coined the term MOFs for porous structures and developed reticular chemistry, showing that MOFs could be designed for new properties. 
• MOFs are crystalline materials made by linking metal ions with organic molecules. 
• They can extract water from desert air, capture and store CO2, safely trap toxic gases, and be custom-designed for specific chemical reactions or storage needs.