Why in News? 

Pandit Chhannulal Mishra, legendary Hindustani classical vocalist & doyen of Banaras Gharana, known for Thumri, Dadra, Chaiti, Kajri, died; renowned for his mastery in Purab Ang style of Thumri, he was honoured with Padma Bhushan (2010) & Padma Vibhushan (2020). 

Thumri 

• Semi-classical music form of North India, emerged in 19th century Awadh under Nawab Wajid Ali Shah’s patronage; shifted to Banaras post-1856 with Radha-Krishna devotional themes. 
• Features: Focus on bhava (emotion), improvisation, not strict raga rules. 
• Influences: Draws from Hori, Kajri, Dadra, Jhoola, Chaiti and other folk/semi-classical forms. 
• Forms: 
• Purbi Thumri (slow, lyrical) – Banaras Gharana 
• Punjabi Thumri (fast, lively) – Patiala Gharana 
• Major Gharanas: Banaras, Lucknow, Patiala