Why in New? 

A recent study reveals that industrial pollution has increased iron levels in oceans, causing excessive phytoplankton growth that rapidly depletes ocean nutrients and disrupts marine ecosystems. 

About Phytoplankton 

• Phytoplankton are microscopic plants that play a crucial role in the marine food web. 
• They contain chlorophyll and need sunlight to live and grow, floating near the ocean surface where light penetrates. 
• Phytoplankton absorb inorganic nutrients like nitrates, phosphates, and sulphur to produce proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. 
• Two main types of phytoplankton are: 
  • Dinoflagellates: Move using whip-like flagella and have complex shells. 
  • Diatoms: Have rigid, interlocking shells and rely on ocean currents for movement. 
• They serve as food for many marine animals, including shrimp, snails, and jellyfish. 
• Excess nutrients can cause phytoplankton to grow uncontrollably, leading to harmful algal blooms (HABs) that produce toxins harmful to fish, animals, birds, and humans.