Why in News? 

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has sought accountability from Pakistan over the Pahalgam terrorist attack, undermining Islamabad's efforts to internationalize the issue. Despite Pakistan's expectations, the UNSC failed to issue a collective statement condemning India. 

About the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 

• The UNSC is one of the five main organs of the United Nations, entrusted with the primary responsibility of preserving international peace and security.  
• Under the UN Charter, all member states are required to adhere to UNSC decisions.  
• The Council identifies threats to peace, recommends resolution methods, imposes sanctions, and authorizes military actions. 
• The UNSC is headquartered at the United Nations in New York City. 

Structure and Membership 
The UNSC is composed of 15 members, each holding one vote. 

• Five permanent members (P5) with veto power: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States. 
• Ten non-permanent members are elected by the UN General Assembly for two-year terms, ensuring equitable geographical representation: 
  • 5 from Africa/Asia, 
  • 1 from Eastern Europe, 
  • 2 from Latin America and 
  • 2 from Western Europe/others.