Why in the News?

On 3^rd October 2024, The UK and Mauritius have reached a "historic" agreement to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius while keeping the UK-US military base on Diego Garcia operational for at least 99 more years. This settlement, negotiated since 2022, resolves a long-standing territorial dispute and ensures the future of the strategically vital base.

India’s Role in the Deal

• India has backed Mauritius in its legal dispute over the Chagos Islands, emphasizing sovereignty.
  • India's backing reflects its commitment to sovereignty and its special Commonwealth relationship with Mauritius.
  • External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar confirmed India's support during a visit to Port Louis.
• India played a significant but understated role in the Mauritius-UK agreement.
  • India urged both sides to negotiate for mutually beneficial outcomes.
• The agreement is seen as a win for all parties and strengthens long-term security in the Indian Ocean region.

About Chagos Island Dispute

• Historical Claim: The Chagos archipelago in the Indian Ocean was claimed by Britain alongside Mauritius in 1814.
• Lease to the US: In 1966, Britain leased Diego Garcia, the largest island in the archipelago, to the United States for a military base.
• Chagossian Struggle: The Chagossians, primarily descendants of African slaves brought to the islands in the 18th century, have been engaged in a long legal battle for the right to return.
• Mauritius' Claim: After gaining independence from Britain in 1968, Mauritius has consistently asserted its claim over the Chagos Islands.
• International Court of Justice (ICJ)Ruling: In 2019, ICJ ruled that the UK has no right to govern the Chagos Islands and called for its withdrawal from the archipelago.