Why in News? 

• Scientists have discovered a small molecule, PZL-A, that targets a key mitochondrial enzyme, offering potential treatment for rare inherited disorders caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). 

About Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 

• Location: mtDNA is a circular chromosome located inside mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles in cells. 
• Unique Features of mtDNA: 
  • Own DNA: Mitochondria are the only organelles in cells with their own genetic material, separate from nuclear DNA. 
  • Maternal Inheritance: mtDNA is inherited exclusively from the mother, not the father.