Parliament of India 

• The Parliament of India, also called the Sansad, is the supreme legislative body of the country and plays a key role in law-making, oversight and representing democracy. 
• Articles 79 to 122 (Part V of the Constitution) cover its structure, powers and procedures. 

Role of the President in Parliament 

• The President is not a member but is an integral part of Parliament. 
• Powers include 
  • Summoning and dissolving sessions 
  • Addressing both Houses 
  • Calling joint sittings 
  • Issuing ordinances 

 Rajya Sabha 

• Called the Upper House, it represents states and union territories. 
• It is a permanent body and not subject to dissolution. 

 Lok Sabha 

• Called the Lower House, it represents the people through direct elections. 
• It plays a central role in controlling the Council of Ministers and the national budget. 

 Rajya Sabha v/s. Lok Sabha 

• Equal Powers 
  • Passing ordinary bills, constitutional amendments, and financial bills (except Money Bills). 
  • Involved in elections/removal of the President, Vice-President, and key constitutional authorities. 
  • Approval of emergencies and ordinances. 
  • Ministers can be from either House. 
    •  Rajya Sabha has lesser powers in 
  • Money Bills (can’t amend or reject, only suggest). 
  • No-Confidence Motion (only Lok Sabha can remove the government). 
  • Budget voting, joint sittings, and discontinuing National Emergency. 
•  Rajya Sabha’s Special Powers 
  • Article 67: Initiate Vice-President’s removal. 
  • Article 249: Authorize laws on State List subjects. 
  • Article 312: Create All India Services. 
  • Articles 352/356/360: Approve emergencies if Lok Sabha is dissolved.