Why in News? 

Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, scientists developed a nanotech-based biosensor for early detection of PD

• The biosensor uses gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) coated with amino acids to detect toxic α-synuclein clumps (amyloids) that damage brain cells. 
• It enables early, low-cost, label-free PD detection, suitable for point-of-care, with potential for Alzheimer’s and other protein disorders. 

Parkinson’s Disease 

• About: Progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor (tremors, rigidity, instability) and non-motor (cognitive, mood) symptoms. 
• Cause: Loss of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra (region in the midbrain); linked to genetic mutations & environmental factors (pesticides & pollution). 
• Prevalence: 8.5Mn cases (2019); India 0.58Mn (~10%).  
  • By 2050: India 2.8Mn (+168%), Global 25.2Mn. 
• Treatment: No cure; managed with medications (Levodopa/Carbidopa), surgery, rehab to reduce symptoms. 
• Related Initiative: National Parkinson Network (2024) by MDSI.