About Supreme Court 

• It is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest Constitutional court, with the power of judicial review. 
• India is a federal State and has a single and unified judicial system with three tier structure, i.e. Supreme Court, High Courts and Subordinate Courts. 

Brief History of the Supreme Court of India 

• The promulgation of Regulating Act of 1773 established the Supreme Court of Judicature at Calcutta as a Court of Record, with full power & authority. 
• The Supreme Courts at Madras and Bombay were established by King George – III in 1800 and 1823 respectively. 
• After India attained independence in 1947, the Constitution of India came into being on 26 January 1950.  
• The Supreme Court of India also came into existence and its first sitting was held on 28 January 1950. 
• The law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all Courts within the territory of India. 
• It has the power of judicial review – to strike down the legislative and executive action contrary to the provisions and the scheme of the Constitution. 

 Constitutional Provisions of Supreme Court of India 

• The Indian Constitution provides for a provision of Supreme Court under Part V (The Union) and Chapter IV (The Union Judiciary). 
• Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers and procedures of the Supreme Court. 
• The Indian Constitution under Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India constituting of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number, of not more than seven other Judges. 
• The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India can broadly be categorised into original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction and advisory jurisdiction.  
• However, there are other multiple powers of the Supreme Court.