Why in News?

Measles cases in the U.S. have reached their highest level in over 30 years, driven by low vaccination rates in certain states like Texas. Health experts warn that this surge could threaten the country’s measles elimination status.

What is Measles?

• Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the Morbillivirus (RNA virus).
• It spreads via respiratory tract and affects only humans.

Transmission

• Over 90% of unvaccinated close contacts can get infected.
• Spread occurs through coughing, sneezing and close contact.

Symptoms & Complications

• Common symptoms: high fever, rash, cough, red eyes and runny nose.
• Can lead to severe issues like pneumonia, brain inflammation and even death.

Prevention

• Fully preventable with a two-dose vaccine.
• Mass immunization and routine child vaccinations are crucial.

Treatment

• No specific antiviral drug.
• Supportive care includes good nutrition, fluids and managing dehydration.

Status in India: 62% decline in measles cases from 2017 to 2021 (from 10.4 to 4 cases/million).