Why in News? 

Pakistan suspends 1972 Simla Agreement, a peace treaty born out of the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. 

Simla Agreement 

Context and Origins 

• Post-1971 War: The agreement was a result of the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. India's military role reshaped South Asia’s geopolitics. 
• Key Negotiators: Negotiated by Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to establish peace and normalize relations. 

Objectives 

• Kashmir Issue: India aimed for a bilateral resolution of the Kashmir dispute, preventing Pakistan from internationalizing it. 
• Normalization of Relations: India sought to improve relations with Pakistan based on new regional power dynamics. 
• Avoiding Humiliation: India avoided making the ceasefire line a permanent boundary, to prevent humiliating Pakistan and fueling revanchist sentiments.