Why in News?  

A new species of lichen, Allographa effusosoredica, has been discovered in the Western Ghats by Indian scientists. This discovery highlights ancient symbiosis, evolutionary adaptation, and the biodiversity richness of the region.  

What are Lichens?  

• Lichens are not a single organism but a close partnership of two or more organisms living in symbiosis:  
  • Fungus – provides structure and protection.  
  • Photobiont (alga or cyanobacterium) – captures sunlight and produces food.  
• Ecological role: Soil formation, food for insects, and serve as bioindicators of environmental health.  

Allographa effusosoredica a. Thallus, b. soredia, c. ascus showing I+ blue ascospores, d. clear hymenium, e. ascospores  

Key Highlights of the Discovery  

• Species Name: Allographa effusosoredica  
• Unique Features  
  • Crustose lichen with effuse soredia.  
  • Contains norstictic acid (rare in this genus).  
  • Shows symbiosis with Trentepohlia algae (photobiont).  
• Significance: First Indian Allographa species confirmed through molecular data.  
• Biodiversity Boost: 53rd species of Allographa reported from India, 22nd from the Western Ghats.