Why in News?  

India observes National Flag Day, also known as Tiranga Adoption Day, every year on 22 July. This day marks the official adoption of the Indian National Flag (Tiranga) by the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947.  

Historical Background  

• The Indian national flag underwent several changes before the final design was adopted.  
• The first version of the flag was created in 1904 by Sister Nivedita, featuring red and yellow colours symbolising victory and power, with “Vande Mataram” written in Bengali.  
• Over the years, multiple designs were proposed during the freedom struggle.  
• The present-day Tiranga was officially adopted on 22 July 1947.  
  • It consists of three horizontal stripes – saffron, white, and green.  
  • The Charkha (spinning wheel) was replaced with the Ashoka Chakra, symbolising progress and law.  
• On 15 August 1947, after independence, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the Tiranga for the first time.  

Significance of the Day  

• National Flag Day reminds citizens of the sacrifices made by freedom fighters and instils pride, patriotism, and unity.  
• It also highlights the importance of respecting the Flag Code of India and upholding the values represented by the national flag.

Meaning of the Colours and Symbols  

• Saffron (Top Band): Bravery, courage, and sacrifice of the freedom fighters.  
• White (Middle Band): Purity, truth, and peace.  
• Green (Bottom Band): Fertility, growth, prosperity, and India’s agricultural heritage.  
• Ashoka Chakra (Navy Blue): Represents the “wheel of law”, continuous progress, and movement in life.

Evolution of the Indian National Flag